Railsチュートリアル3章のエラー解決×2

Ruby on Railsチュートリアル 3章でエラーが発生したため、その解決方法を書き残します。

該当箇所は3.3.2節、わざとテストを失敗させるところです。

環境

• ホストOS：Windows 10
• ゲストOS：CentOS 7
  • VirtualBoxで動作
  • VirtualBoxのフォルダ共有機能を使用
  • Vagrantで環境管理
• Ruby on Railsチュートリアル Rails 5.1対応 (第4版)
  • rails バージョン5.1.4

エラーメッセージ

長いですが全部貼ります。

このメッセージ、前半と後半でそれぞれ独立のエラーが発生しています。

[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ rails test
Running via Spring preloader in process 16123
rails aborted!
ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseAlreadyExists: ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseAlreadyExists
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'

Caused by:
Errno::ETXTBSY: Text file busy @ apply2files - /vagrant_data/sample_app/db/test.sqlite3
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:test:load => db:test:purge
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
Run options: --seed 25191

# Running:

Run options: --seed 25191

# Running:

EE

Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
NameError: undefined local variable or method `static_pages_about_url' for #<StaticPagesControllerTest:0x0000561eb6178d08>
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'


Traceback (most recent call last):
        27: from -e:1:in `<main>'
        26: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
        25: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
        24: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application/boot.rb:19:in `<top (required)>'
        23: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `run'
        22: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `loop'
        21: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:141:in `block in run'
        20: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:171:in `serve'
        19: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:171:in `fork'
        18: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:63:in `block in autorun'
        17: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:136:in `run'
        16: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `__run'
        15: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `map'
        14: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `block in __run'
        13: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/line_filtering.rb:9:in `run'
        12: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:319:in `run'
        11: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:347:in `with_info_handler'
        10: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:360:in `on_signal'
         9: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `block in run'
         8: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `each'
         7: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:321:in `block (2 levels) in run'
         6: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:334:in `run_one_method'
         5: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:802:in `record'
         4: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:802:in `each'
         3: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:803:in `block in record'
         2: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:23:in `record'
         1: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:70:in `format_rerun_snippet'
/home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:70:in `method': undefined method `test_should_get_about' for class `Minitest::Result' (NameError)

原因1：VirtualBoxの共有フォルダ機能

まず前半のほうです。

ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseAlreadyExists: ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseAlreadyExists
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'

Caused by:
Errno::ETXTBSY: Text file busy @ apply2files - /vagrant_data/sample_app/db/test.sqlite3
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/vagrant_data/sample_app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'

test.sqlite3というファイルがビジーで操作できない、という内容のエラーです。

この問題については以下のページに情報があります。

ruby on rails - Errno::ETXTBSY: Text file busy @ unlink_internal - Stack Overflow

これはVirtualBoxの共有フォルダ内にrailsのプロジェクトを作ってしまった際に発生する問題のようです。

※Vagrantが関連しているかどうかは不明ですが、Vagrantは単にVirtualBoxの共有フォルダ機能を有効にしているだけなので、おそらく関連はないと思います。

問題となっているのはtest.sqlite3、これはデータベースファイルです。プロジェクト作成時のデータベース利用設定では、テスト用のデータベースはプロジェクトディレクトリ内にSQLiteのDBファイルを作るようになっています。これがうまくいっていないようです。

解決策としては、1つはプロジェクトを共有フォルダの外で作ってしまうことです。またはデータベース設定を変更して、共有フォルダの外にデータベースを作るようにしてもよいです。今回は後者の方法を採ります。

データベースの設定はconfig/database.ymlに記述されています。これを以下のように変更します。

# SQLite version 3.x
#   gem install sqlite3
#
#   Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
#   gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
  adapter: sqlite3
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  #ついでに変更
  #database: db/development.sqlite3
  database: /var/rails_db/development.sqlite3

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  #ここを変更
  #database: db/test.sqlite3
  database: /var/rails_db/test.sqlite3

production:
  <<: *default
  #ついでに変更
  #database: db/production.sqlite3
  database: /var/rails_db/production.sqlite3

場所は/tmp/とかでも良いのですが、/var/rails_db/というディレクトリを作ってそこに入れることにしました。

以下のコマンドでディレクトリを作り、オーナーを作業ユーザに変更します。ユーザ名とグループ名（vagrant:vagrant）はそれぞれの環境によって異なるのでご注意ください。

[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ sudo mkdir /var/rails_db
[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ sudo chown vagrant:vagrant /var/rails_db

これで前半のエラーは出なくなるはずです。

原因2：minitestとrailsのバージョン相性

次に後半のエラーに対処していきます。

Traceback (most recent call last):
        27: from -e:1:in `<main>'
        26: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
        25: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
        24: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application/boot.rb:19:in `<top (required)>'
        23: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `run'
        22: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `loop'
        21: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:141:in `block in run'
        20: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:171:in `serve'
        19: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:171:in `fork'
        18: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:63:in `block in autorun'
        17: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:136:in `run'
        16: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `__run'
        15: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `map'
        14: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:159:in `block in __run'
        13: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/line_filtering.rb:9:in `run'
        12: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:319:in `run'
        11: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:347:in `with_info_handler'
        10: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:360:in `on_signal'
         9: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `block in run'
         8: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:320:in `each'
         7: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:321:in `block (2 levels) in run'
         6: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:334:in `run_one_method'
         5: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:802:in `record'
         4: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:802:in `each'
         3: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/minitest-5.11.3/lib/minitest.rb:803:in `block in record'
         2: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:23:in `record'
         1: from /home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:70:in `format_rerun_snippet'
/home/vagrant/.anyenv/envs/rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/test_unit/reporter.rb:70:in `method': undefined method `test_should_get_about' for class `Minitest::Result' (NameError)

Minitest::Resultというクラスが期待されているメソッドを持っていない、というエラーです。

この問題について、そのものズバリの記事を書いてくださっている方がいます。

Ruby on Rails チュートリアル３章のテストのバグとその対応メモ

今回railsのバージョン5.1.4を使っているが、テストに使っているgemのminitestは新しいバージョンが入るため、実装が合わずに上手く動いていないようです。

解決策は、Gemfileにminitestのバージョン指定を書き加えることです。

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails',        '5.1.4'
gem 'puma',         '3.9.1'
gem 'sass-rails',   '5.0.6'
gem 'uglifier',     '3.2.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.2'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.3.1'
gem 'turbolinks',   '5.0.1'
gem 'jbuilder',     '2.7.0'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.6', platform: :mri
end

group :development do
  gem 'web-console',           '3.5.1'
  gem 'listen',                '3.1.5'
  gem 'spring',                '2.0.2'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.1'
end

group :test do
  gem 'rails-controller-testing', '1.0.2'
  gem 'minitest-reporters',       '1.1.14'
  gem 'guard',                    '2.13.0'
  gem 'guard-minitest',           '2.4.4'
  gem 'minitest',                 '5.10.3'    # ここを追加
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.20.0'
end

修正後、以下のコマンドを実行します。

[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ bundle update
[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ bundle install

結果

以上2つのエラー対策により、正常に「テスト失敗」させることができました。

[vagrant@localhost sample_app]$ rails test
Running via Spring preloader in process 16455
/vagrant_data/sample_app/db/schema.rb doesn't exist yet. Run `rails db:migrate` to create it, then try again. If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter /vagrant_data/sample_app/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.
Run options: --seed 46335

# Running:

Run options: --seed 46335

# Running:

EE

Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
NameError: undefined local variable or method `static_pages_about_url' for #<StaticPagesControllerTest:0x0000561a90598ed0>
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'


bin/rails test test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:14

....

Finished in 1.254642s, 2.3911 runs/s, 1.5941 assertions/s.

  1) Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
NameError: undefined local variable or method `static_pages_about_url' for #<StaticPagesControllerTest:0x0000561a90598ed0>
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'

3 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips



Finished in 1.299065s, 2.3094 runs/s, 1.5396 assertions/s.
3 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips